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Infertility is not solely a female issue. Medical evidence shows that about one-third of infertility cases are due to male factors, another third to female factors, and the remaining cases involve both partners or have unexplained causes. This highlights the importance of including both partners—especially men—in fertility assessments and treatment planning.
There are various causes of male infertility, most of which are linked to problems in sperm production or transport. Lifestyle habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, undescended testicles, varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), prior surgeries or infections of the reproductive organs can all negatively impact sperm health. Recent studies also indicate that conditions like azoospermia (absence of sperm) or extremely low sperm counts may be related to genetic mutations or inherited traits.
In women, common infertility causes include diminished ovarian function, hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis causing blocked fallopian tubes or pelvic adhesions, and congenital uterine abnormalities.
Unexplained Infertility Still Requires Action
In some cases, even with comprehensive medical history reviews and diagnostic testing, no definitive cause can be identified. This is known as unexplained infertility. Although the origin remains unknown, couples—especially when the woman is older or infertility has lasted more than three years—face significantly reduced chances of conceiving naturally. Therefore, seeking timely specialist advice is strongly recommended.
Ultimately, infertility is best addressed as a shared journey. Mutual support, honest communication, and collaborative decision-making, combined with professional medical guidance, can greatly improve the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy.